Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies

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• Overview of Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies
  • General references
  • Etiology
    • Etiology references
  • Normal Fetal Circulation
    • Perinatal changes
    • Normal fetal circulation reference
  • Pathophysiology
    • Cyanotic heart anomalies
    • Left-to-right shunts
    • Obstructive lesions
    • Heart failure
    • Duct-dependent congenital heart disease
    • Pathophysiology references
  • Symptoms and Signs
    • Murmurs
    • Cyanosis
    • Heart failure
    • Other manifestations of heart defects
  • Diagnosis
  • Newborn Screening
    • Newborn screening reference
  • Treatment
    • Heart failure in neonates
    • Heart failure in older infants and children
    • Endocarditis prophylaxis
    • Treatment references
  • More Information

• Aortopulmonary Window
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
  • Classification
  • General reference
  • Pathophysiology
    • Pathophysiology reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Atrioventricular Septal Defect
  • Complete AV septal defect
  • Transitional AV septal defect
  • Partial AV septal defect
  • Unbalanced AV septal defect
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Bicuspid Aortic Valve
  • General references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • More Information

• Coarctation of the Aorta
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Medical management of coarctation
    • Coarctation repair
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • General reference
  • Pathophysiology
    • Pathophysiology references
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Double Outlet Right Ventricle
  • Pathophysiology
    • Pathophysiology reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Ebstein Anomaly
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference
  • More Information

• Eisenmenger Syndrome
  • General reference
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Medical management
    • Surgical procedures
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • PDA treatment in preterm infants
    • PDA treatment in full-term infants
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
  • Classification
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Pathophysiology
    • Hypercyanotic spells
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Hypercyanotic spells
    • Definitive management
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • More Information

• Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Treatment references
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Tricuspid Atresia
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
  • Classification
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points
  • More Information

• Other Congenital Cardiac Anomalies
  • Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
  • Pulmonic valve stenosis in children
  • Single ventricle spectrum
  • More Information